Pdf on jul 1, 2008, shweta vardia and others published building science of indian. The annamalaiyar temple in thiruvannaamalai, tamil nadu. There are around 245 million native speakers of dravidian languages. Pallavan rock cut and structural temples chola development of the vimana shikhara. The style of temple architecture that became popular in northern india is known as nagara. Details of the dravidian style of temple architecture in india and its subtypes.
So it is hard to find contrasting features between these styles. Temple architecture in india ncert notes pdf download. It consists primarily of pyramid shaped temples called kovils in tamil which are dependent on intricate carved stone in order to create a step design consisting of. The dravidian style is the typical south indian style temple that is usually made from stone. South india aristocratically boasts the dravida style of architecture amidst the lofty temples and swaying shrines.
The basic architectural diagram of the dravidian style is shown below. This temple is in the panchayatana style of architecture where the main shrine is built on a rectangular plinth with four smaller subsidiary shrines at the four corners making it a total number of five shrines, hence the name, panchayatana. Jun 14, 2016 nayakmadura style 1600 ad onwards the dravidian style of architecture can be categorized as a distinct evolution in temple architecture through the various phases there is a marked evolution in the planning of the temple and the architectural treatment complexity in planning due to the complexity in the rituals arose by the 12th c. At this stage the real structural development of temples.
He is the fittest to be called a blessed soul already while on the earth. Unit 2 dravidian architecture free download as powerpoint presentation. These temples usually have gopurams, which are large towers over the entrances. The dravidian style southern style of architecture can be classified into. Three main style of temple architecture are the nagara or the northern style, the dravida or the southern style and the vesara or mixed style.
Ancient indian temples are classified in three broad types. This classification is based on different architectural styles, employed in the construction of the temples. Unit iv temple architecture southern india brief history of. It consists primarily of hindu temples where the dominating feature is the high gopura or gatehouse. The biggest ratha was dharamraj ratha and smallest was draupadi ratha. The two other prominent styles are dravida and nagara. Dravida temple architecture origin and development. South india carried on the classical tradition of dravida style as transmitted by the pallava dynasty of rulers to the cholas of gangaikonda cholapuram i. Dravidian speakers form the majority of the population of south india and are natively found in india, pakistan, afghanistan, bangladesh, the maldives and sri lanka. It had emerged in these parts of india thousand years ago and was patronized by the pallava, pandava, nayakkar, chola, chalukya, hoysalas, rashtrakuta s and. Content very suitable for scholars interested in indian architecture. The south indian hindu temple building design system on the architecture of the silpa sastra and the dravida style k. The biggest ratha was called as dharamraj rath and smallest one was called as draupadi rath.
Stage 1 mahendra group marked the beginning of rock cut cave architecture word mandap was used instead temple. Etymologically, the term vesara is believed to have been derived from the sanskrit word vishra meaning an area to take a long walk. Dravidian architecture was an architectural idiom that emerged in the southern part of the indian subcontinent or south india. Aug 11, 2016 vesara style is basically a fusion of nagara and dravida styles and not very defined. Dravidian architecture world heritage site pictures. It is dotted with several important rockcut and freestanding structural temples mostly made in the seventh and eighth. This article deals with architecture, temple design, and art in the cities of the dasyus, it is to be observed that in the brahmanical law books, which. Narasimhavarman also introduced freestanding monolith rathas. These rathas carved out from hard granite and 9 in number, are important milestones in the development of dravidian temple architecture as they show the development of multistorey vimanas. Dec 06, 2017 here i recall my journey not in the way i took it but how dravida style of temple architecture has developed. The dravidian style of architecture is the characteristic south indian style and is mainly found in the southern indian states of tamil nadu, karnataka, kerala, telangana, and andhra pradesh. Temple architecture in south india dravida style iasmania civil. The hindu temple consists of tall, slender, freestanding, beam.
The principal part, the temple itself, is called the vimana or vimanam. In this article, you can read all about the indian temple architecture, its types and points to remember for the ias exam with respect to temple architecture. It is always square in plan and surmounted by a pyramidal roof of one or more stories. Under dravidian architecture, we have also seen the comparison between pallava and chola architecture. Pdf building science of indian temple architecture researchgate. Dravidian architecture or the south indian temple style is an architectural idiom in hindu temple. Oct 20, 2016 dravidian style temples consist almost invariably of the four following parts.
The finest examples of dravidian style south indian style are temples of tanjore, madurai, mahabalipuram, badami, pattadakal and kanchipuram. In this post, let us see the chalukya architecuture in detail. Temple architecture in south india dravida style iasmania. Dravidian architecture was an architectural phrase that appeared in the south india. Dravidian architecture or the south indian temple style is an architectural idiom in hindu temple architecture that emerged in the southern part of the indian subcontinent or south india and in sri lanka, reaching its final form by the sixteenth century. Unit 2 dravidian architecture religious architecture architectural. Jul 05, 2018 in the history of temple architecture in india, one conspicuous phenomenon in the bhoj tal, or bhim tal, would have been the biggest hindu temple in theabstract. The architecture is represented by monolithic rocks mandaps now became rathas which is a refined cave, famous for beauty. Gs art and culture temple architecture upsc preparation.
Jouveaudubreuil, gabriel 1917 dravidian architecture. Figure 7 the division of a south indian temple into small houses. Vesara is a combination of these two temple styles. Indian temple architecture evolution, type, design layout. Unit 2 dravidian architecture religious architecture. Dravidian style temples are characterized by yali pillars.
Nagara style was developed regionally each region manifesting its own particular qualities. It consists primarily of pyramid shaped temples called kovils in tamil which are dependent on intricate carved stone in order to create a step design consisting of many statues of deities, warriors, kings, and dancers. Nov 14, 20 dravida style dravidian style of architecture the dravida style is characterized by a pyramid shaped tower consisting of progressively smaller storeys of small pavilions, a narrow throat and a dome on the top called the sikharam or the vimanam. The author is unshakably determined to stand with truth, and with truth only for it is a doubtless form of the almighty. Nayak madura style 1600 ad onwards the dravidian style of architecture can be categorized as a distinct evolution in temple architecture through the various phases there is a marked evolution in the planning of the temple and the architectural treatment complexity in planning due to the complexity in the rituals arose by the 12th c. The vesara style is also described in some texts as the central indian temple architecture style or deccan architecture. Temple architecture is an important part of art and culture syllabus for the civil services exam. In the dravidian style of architecture, the chief shrine of the temple as in the nagara style had the chief deity. There is also usually an archway, which may be a free standing. Nov 26, 2015 some of the best examples of the north indian style nagara style of temple architecture are the khajuraho group of temples, sun temple, konark, sun temple at modhera, gujarat and ossian temple, gujarat. Accordingly, the vesara style contain elements of both dravida and nagara styles.
Aug 25, 2016 the indoaryan style prefers a tower with rounded top and curvilinear outline while the tower of the southern or dravidian style is usually in a shape of a rectangular truncated pyramid. Temples featuring dravida style architecture a brief description of the most important temples built by the pallava rulers that feature dravida style architecture is given as follows. For example, various substyles of nagara architecture are found vis vis odisha school, solanki school, and khajuraho school etc. Module 3 dravidian free download as powerpoint presentation. Chalukyan architecture is a combination of nagara and dravida and hence. In the last article, we have seen the broad outline of temple architecture styles in india nagara, dravida and vesara and chola architecture in particular. The tall and curvilinear shikhara also corroborates this date. The style of temple architecture that became popular in.
Vesara is a type of indian architecture primarily used in temples. It consists primarily of temples with pyramid shaped towers and are constructed of sandstone, soapstone or granite. Jul 29, 2017 initially, mandap word used to indicate temple in dravidian style of architecture. Shore temple the shore temple of mahabalipuram is a complex of three shrines with accessory mandapas, prakaraenclosures and gopura entrances. However many historian agree that the vesara style originated in the what is today karnataka. Temple architecture in india ncert notes most of the art and architectural remains that survive from ancient and medieval india are religious in nature. Dravidian architecture was a style of architecture that emerged thousands of years ago in the southern part of the indian subcontinent or south india, built by the dravidian peoples. Dravidian architecture or the south indian temple style is an architectural idiom in hindu temple architecture that emerged in the southern part of the indian subcontinent or south india and in sri lanka, reaching its final form. The evolution of dravidian art and sculpture was primarily concentrated in south india.
Get dravidian architecture pdf file for free on our ebook library. Dravidian architecture world heritage site pictures, info. Advanced masters in struc tural analysis of monuments and historical constructions iv. It is common in this style to build an entire temple on a stone platform with steps leading up to it. Post sangam age, tamilakkam, which was more of a cultural identity than a geographical entity was the crucible of development of a fabulous style of temple architecture known as the dravida. Dravidian architecture in india art and culture for. Dravidian people or dravidians are the present and past speakers of any of the dravidian languages. The south indian hindu temple building design system.
Dravidian temple architecture the dravidian style is the typical south indian style temple that is usually made from stone. From the 12th century onwards it was seen that the temples were fortified with three square concentric walls and with gates on the four sides. Unit 2 dravidian architecture free download as powerpoint. Jun 26, 2015 the dravidian style of hindu temple june 26, 2015 hrodrigues among the massive amount of hindu temples in india there are two main types of temple styles, a specific temple style seen in the north and one in the south. What are the features of temple architecture contrasted with. Temple architecture in south india dravida style four stages of temple architecture had been observed in south india mainly during the pallavas rule, around 6th century ad which are as follows. Module 3 dravidian religious architecture architectural. Several temples were built in this style in tamil nadu, but they were located in open space rather. The dravidian architecture can mainly be seen through the temples. Dharamraj rath is considered as precursor of dravidian style of temple making. The annamalaiyar temple in tiruvannamalai, tamil nadu. The temple shape may be rectangular, square, starshaped, or octagonal. What is the difference between an indoaryan temple and a. Ad pandya broadly the classifications would be as follows.
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